This chapter guards the truth of lineage. To knowingly claim a man as your father who is not your father, or to attach yourself as a freed slave to a master who is not yours, is treated here as a grave sin, not a small social fib. The honesty Islam demands reaches all the way into who we say we come from.
Across these reports the language is severe: such falsehood is called an act of disbelief (kufr), it bars one from Paradise, and it draws the curse of Allah, the angels, and all people. The thread to notice is that lying about origins corrupts something Allah has fixed, and the same hadith warn against two close cousins of this sin: claiming what is not yours, and hurling the charge of disbelief at an innocent person. All of it comes back to truthfulness about reality as Allah made it.
Hadith 1802
Sa'd bin Abu Waqqas (May Allah be pleased with him) said:
عن سعد بن أبي وقاص رضي الله عنه أن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم قال: "من ادعى إلى غير أبيه وهو يعلم أنه غير أبيه، فالجنة عليه حرام" ((متفق عليه)).
The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "He who (falsely) attributes his fatherhood to anyone besides his real father, knowing that he is not his father, will be forbidden to enter Jannah." [Al-Bukhari and Muslim].
In plain words
The Prophet warned that anyone who knowingly claims a father who is not his own will be barred from Paradise. Honesty reaches all the way into who we say we come from.
Reference : Riyad as-Salihin 1802 In-book reference : Book 17, Hadith 292
Hadith 1803
Abu Hurairah (May Allah be pleased with him) said:
وعن أبي هريرة رضي الله عنه عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم قال: "لا ترغبوا عن آبائكم، فمن رغب عن أبيه، فهو كافر" ((متفق عليه)).
The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "Do not turn away from your fathers, for he who turns away from his father, will be guilty of committing an act of disbelief." [Al-Bukhari and Muslim]
In plain words
The Prophet warned against turning away from one's true father, calling it an act of disbelief. The lesson is truthfulness about one's own lineage.
Reference : Riyad as-Salihin 1803 In-book reference : Book 17, Hadith 293
Hadith 1804
Yazid bin Sharik bin Tariq (May Allah be pleased with him) said:
وعن يزيد بن شريك بن طارق قال: رأيت عليا رضي الله عنه على المنبر يخطب، فسمعته يقول: لا والله ما عندنا من كتاب نقرؤه إلا كتاب الله، وما في هذه الصحيفة، فنشرها فإذا فيها أسنان الإبل، وأشياء من الجراحات، وفيها: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : "المدينة حرم ما بين عير إلى ثور، فمن أحدث فيها حدثاً، أو آوى محدثاً، فعليه لعنة الله والملائكة والناس أجمعين، لا يقبل الله منه يوم القيامة صرفاً ولا عدلاً، ذمة المسلمين واحدة، يسعى بها أدناهم، فمن أخفر مسلماً، فعليه لعنة الله والملائكة والناس أجمعين، لا يقبل الله منه يوم القيامة صرفاً ولا عدلاً، ومن ادعى إلى غير أبيه، أو انتمى إلى غير مواليه، فعليه لعنة الله والملائكة والناس أجمعين، لا يقبل الله منه يوم القيامة صرفاً ولا عدلاً" ((متفق عليه)). "ذِمَّةُ المُسْلِمِينَ"أيْ: عَهْدُهُمْ وأمانتُهُم."وَأخْفَرَهُ": نَقَضَ عَهْدَهُ."والصَّرفُ": التَّوْبَةُ، وَقِيلَ: الحِيلَةُ."وَالْعَدْلُ": الفِدَاءُ.
I saw 'Ali (May Allah be pleased with him) giving a Khutbah (sermon) from the pulpit and I heard him saying: "By Allah, we have no book to read except Allah's Book and what is written in this scroll. He unrolled the scroll which showed a list of what sort of camels to be given as blood-money, and other legal matters relating to killing game in the sanctuary of Makkah and the expiation thereof. In it was also written: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: 'Al-Madinah is a sanctuary from 'Air to Thaur (mountains). He who innovates in this territory new ideas in Islam, commits a sin therein, or shelters the innovators, will incur the Curse of Allah, the angels, and all the people, and Allah will accept from him neither repentance nor a ransom on the Day of Resurrection. The asylum (pledge of protection) granted by any Muslim (even of the) lowest status is to be honoured and respected by all other Muslims, and whoever betrays a Muslim in this respect (by violating the pledge) will incur the Curse of Allah, the angels, and all the people; and Allah will accept from him neither repentance nor a ransom on the Day of Resurrection. Whoever attributes his fatherhood to someone other than his (real) father, and takes someone else as his master other than his (real) master without his permission, will incur the Curse of Allah, the angels and all the people, and Allah will accept from him neither repentance nor a ransom on the Day of Resurrection." [Al-Bukhari and Muslim].
In plain words
Ali relayed the Prophet's words that whoever falsely claims a father other than his own, or a master other than his true one, brings upon himself the curse of Allah, the angels, and all people. Lying about one's origins is treated as a grave wrong.
Reference : Riyad as-Salihin 1804 In-book reference : Book 17, Hadith 294
Hadith 1805
Abu Dharr (May Allah be pleased with him) reported:
وعن أبي ذر رضي الله عنه أنه سمع رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يقول: “ليس من رجل ادعى لغير أبيه وهو يعلمه إلا كفر، ومن ادعى ما ليس له، فليس منا، وليتبوأ مقعده من النار، ومن دعا رجلاً بالكفر، أو قال: عدو الله، وليس كذلك إلا حار عليه” ((متفق عليه وهذا لفظ رواية مسلم)).
I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) saying: "A person who attributes his fatherhood to anyone other than his real father, knowing that he is not his father, commits an act of disbelief. And he who makes a claim of anything which in fact does not belong to him, is none of us. He should make his abode in Hell, and he who labels anyone as disbeliever or calls him the enemy of Allah and he is in fact not so, his charge will revert to him." [Al-Bukhari and Muslim].
In plain words
The Prophet warned against three things: knowingly claiming a false father, claiming what does not belong to you, and branding an innocent person a disbeliever, whose charge falls back on the accuser. All of it comes back to truthfulness about reality as Allah made it.
Reference : Riyad as-Salihin 1805 In-book reference : Book 17, Hadith 295