باب تحريم بيع الحاضر للبادي وتلقي الركبان والبيع على بيع أخيه والخطبة على خطبته إلا أن يأذن أو يرد
Here the Prophet (peace be upon him) names several practices in the marketplace that corrode trust between people. A city dweller intercepting a villager's goods to sell them at inflated prices, rushing out to meet incoming caravans before they learn the fair market rate, undercutting a sale or a marriage proposal already under way, najsh or fake bidding to drive up a price, and even a woman scheming for another's divorce. The thread running through them all is fairness and refusing to gain at a brother's expense.
Notice how the Prophet (peace be upon him) frames it in the last hadith, a believer is the brother of another believer, so you do not move in on what your brother is already pursuing. The broad spiritual point is that honest dealing and brotherhood outweigh profit, and that exploiting someone's ignorance or stepping over their rights betrays both. The finer rulings of trade belong to the scholars, but the ethic here is plain, treat others' interests as you would want yours treated.
Hadith 1775
Anas bin Malik (May Allah be pleased with him) said:
عن أنس رضي الله عنه قال: نهى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم أن يبيع حاضر لباد وإن كان أخاه لأبيه وأمه. ((متفق عليه)).
The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) forbade that a person in the city should make a deal on behalf of a villager on commission even if he is his real brother." [Al-Bukhari and Muslim]
In plain words
The Prophet forbade a city dweller from selling on commission for a villager who did not know the local prices, even a close relative. It guards fair dealing and protects people from being taken advantage of.
Reference : Riyad as-Salihin 1775 In-book reference : Book 17, Hadith 265
Hadith 1776
Ibn 'Umar (May Allah be pleased with them) said:
وعن ابن عمر قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم :”لا تتلقوا السلع حتى يهبط بها إلى الأسواق" ((متفق عليه)).
The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said, "Do not meet the merchandise till they arrive in the market." [Al-Bukhari and Muslim].
In plain words
The Prophet said not to intercept incoming goods before they reach the market. This stops traders from exploiting sellers who have not yet learned the fair price.
Reference : Riyad as-Salihin 1776 In-book reference : Book 17, Hadith 266
Hadith 1777
Ibn 'Abbas (May Allah be pleased with them) said:
وعن ابن عباس رضي الله عنهما قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : “لا تتلقوا الركبان، ولا يبع حاضر لباد" فقال له طاوس: ما قوله: لا بيع حاضر لباد؟ قال: لا يكون له سمسارًا. ((متفق عليه)).
The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said, "The caravans carrying merchandise should not be met on the way to purchase from them; a man in the city should not sell for a man of the desert." Tawus asked him (Ibn 'Abbas): "What do these words really imply?" He said: "He should not work as an agent on his behalf." [Al-Bukhari and Muslim].
In plain words
The Prophet forbade meeting caravans on the road to buy from them, and a city dweller acting as agent for a man from the desert. As Ibn Abbas explained, one should not trade on another's behalf in a way that exploits his ignorance.
Reference : Riyad as-Salihin 1777 In-book reference : Book 17, Hadith 267
Hadith 1778
Abu Hurairah (May Allah be pleased with him) said:
وعن أبي هريرة رضي الله عنه قال: نهى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم أن يبيع حاضر لباد، ولا تناجشوا ولا يبيع الرجل على بيع أخيه، ولا يخطب على خطبة أخيه، ولا تسأل المرأة طلاق أختها لتكفأ ما في إنائها. وفي رواية قال: نهى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم عن التلقي وأن يبتاع المهاجر للأعرابي، وأن تشترط المرأة طلاق أختها، وأن يستام الرجل على سوم أخيه، ونهى عن النجش والتصرية" ((متفق عليه)).
The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) forbade that a man in the city should be the commission agent of a man from the desert and prohibited the practice of Najsh (i.e., offering a high price for something in order to allure another customer who is interested in the thing); and that a man should make an offer while the offer of his brother is pending; or that he should make a proposal of marriage while that of his brother is pending; or that a woman should try that a sister of hers might be divorced so that she might take her place. Another narration is: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) forbade the people from meeting the caravan on the way for entering into business transaction with them; and the selling of the goods by a dweller of the city on behalf of a man of the desert; and the seeking by a woman the divorce of her sister (from her husband); and the practice of Najsh and leaving the animals unmilked (for sometime for the purpose of accumulation of milk to deceive the buyer). [Al-Bukhari and Muslim].
In plain words
The Prophet named several unfair dealings: acting as agent to exploit an out-of-towner, fake bidding to push up a price, undercutting a sale or marriage proposal already under way, and a woman scheming to displace another wife. The thread is refusing to gain at another's expense.
Reference : Riyad as-Salihin 1778 In-book reference : Book 17, Hadith 268
Hadith 1779
Ibn 'Umar (May Allah be pleased with them) said:
وعن ابن عمر رضي الله عنهما، أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال: "لا يبع بعضكم على بيع بعض، ولا يخطب على خطبة أخيه إلا أن يأذن له" ((متفق عليه، وهذا لفظ مسلم))
The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said, "A person should not enter into a transaction when his (Muslim) brother has already negotiated, nor should he make a proposal of marriage when that of his brother is pending, except with the permission of the latter." [Al-Bukhari and Muslim]
In plain words
The Prophet taught that one should not step into a deal or a marriage proposal that a fellow believer is already pursuing, unless that person allows it. It protects people from being undercut by their own brothers.
Reference : Riyad as-Salihin 1779 In-book reference : Book 17, Hadith 269
Hadith 1780
'Uqbah bin 'Amir (May Allah be pleased with him) said:
وعن عقبة بن عامر أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال: "المؤمن أخو المؤمن، فلا يحل لمؤمن أن يبتاع على بيع أخيه ولا يخطب على خطبة أخيه حتى يذر" ((رواه مسلم)).
The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said, "A Mu'min is the brother of another Mu'min; and thus it is not permissible for a Mu'min to make an offer while the offer of his brother is pending, nor should he make a proposal of marriage while that of his brother is pending till he withdraws his proposal." [Muslim].
In plain words
The Prophet said one believer is the brother of another, so he must not move in on a sale or marriage proposal his brother is pursuing until that brother steps back. Brotherhood means not edging others out of what they are already seeking.
Reference : Riyad as-Salihin 1780 In-book reference : Book 17, Hadith 270