All of the Seerah

The Seerah · Day 103 · The Farewell

The incident of the scrolls

Bring me pen and paper, and the question that followed

The Thursday before he passed, 11 AH Madinah
Retold from Dr. Yasir Qadhi's Seerah seriesWatch the original

We are nearly at the end now. A few days separate us from the moment the most beloved of all creation ﷺ would leave this world, and before we reach it there is one Thursday we have to sit with: a Thursday so heavy that the man who witnessed it, Ibn Abbas, would weep whenever he remembered it and call it the greatest calamity.

It is the day the Prophet ﷺ, deep in the pain of his final illness, asked for something to write with. And it carries a question that, sooner or later, finds every Muslim who loves this religion: did he ﷺ mean to name who would lead the ummah after him? Dr. Yasir Qadhi does not skip the hard part. He walks straight into it, slowly and honestly, the way it deserves.

Why we cannot skip this

Most retellings of the seerah do not stop at the passing of the Prophet ﷺ. They carry on a little further, to the choosing of Abu Bakr and the army of Usama marching north to Syria, because those events grow directly out of his final days and cannot be cut loose from them. But there is something else that has to be faced here, and Sheikh Yasir names it plainly: what happens around the death of the Prophet ﷺ is the most contested ground in the whole story, the place where the two great strands of Islam, Sunni and Shia, first part ways. You cannot tell this honestly while pretending one side does not exist.

He says it almost reluctantly. He would rather not reopen old history, because in the end what happened, happened, and reading blame backwards into it changes nothing. But this is not a question a Muslim can simply avoid. At some point in every believing life, someone raises it: did this happen, did that happen, why did they do this. So we go back to the beginning of the split and we look, carefully, at one specific incident. It is sensitive. It will be handled as such.

What a Thursday it was

The incident is called the incident of Thursday, or the incident of the scrolls, the qirtas being the parchment they wrote upon. And here is the first thing to understand, the thing Sheikh Yasir wants no one to miss: this report is in Bukhari and Muslim, fully authentic, and we as Sunnis affirm it one hundred percent. It is in our own books. There is nothing to hide and nothing to deny. The difference between the two sides is never whether it happened; it is only how it is read.

Ibn Abbas narrates it. As the pain of the Prophet ﷺ grew sharp, he said: bring me something to write with, and I will write for you a writing after which you will never go astray. Pen and paper, in our words. And in the room, among those who loved him most, there was hesitation. One voice, and the books of hadith do not name who it was, said: the Prophet ﷺ is overcome by pain, and we have the Book of Allah, and that is enough for us. Others said no, ask him what he wants, bring it to him. The voices went back and forth. And when the Prophet ﷺ saw them differing in front of him, he said: get up and leave me, it is not right that you should dispute in my presence.

Then, that day or soon after, he gave three last instructions. Expel the idolaters from the Arabian Peninsula. Honor the visiting delegations the way he had always honored them. And a third the narrator confessed he had forgotten, lost to us forever in the telling. Ibn Abbas would say afterward, with grief that never left him, that the calamity, the whole calamity, was what came between the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and that writing.

Before the controversy, what the day teaches

Imam Bukhari narrated this single incident in seven different places in his collection, and Sheikh Yasir pauses on why, because before any argument there are quiet lessons here that both sides share. That the Prophet ﷺ reached for pen and paper at all tells us to write our knowledge down; this is among the proofs that recording sacred knowledge is beloved. That his last counsel included the delegations tells us to receive those who come seeking Islam with warmth and generosity. That he disliked the disputing tells us how ugly division is, and how much uglier it was in his presence.

And one tenderness the scholars draw out: do not sit too long at the bedside of the sick. The visit should be gentle and brief, a checking-in, not a burden laid on someone already in pain. Even from this hardest of scenes, the ummah was being taught how to love one another well.

The first question: what did Omar mean

Now the controversy itself, and Sheikh Yasir frames it as three honest questions rather than a verdict. The first: how do we understand the one who said the Book of Allah is enough for us, the voice our tradition identifies as Omar, who turned the moment aside rather than rushing to fetch the pen.

He spent real time gathering how the classical scholars answered this, and they are remarkably of one mind on the spirit of it. Al-Khattabi held that Omar never imagined the Prophet ﷺ was mistaken; he saw the severity of the fever and feared the writing might be something the ummah could not bear or might later be twisted, and he knew the Companions sometimes reasoned aloud with the Prophet ﷺ when circumstances allowed, as they had at Badr and at Hudaybiyyah. Al-Qadi Iyad and al-Qurtubi read it the same way: a command can carry signs that soften it to a request, and Omar must have seen something in the moment that made him judge it so, and for that sincere effort he is rewarded. Imam Nawawi went further still, saying the scholars agreed this incident displays Omar's understanding and foresight, that he feared a thing being written that people might fail to live up to and be held to account for, and that he leaned on the Qur'an's own testimony of completeness.

And here is where Sheikh Yasir refuses to pretend. We Sunnis look at this, he says, and we are biased, there is no denying it, just as the other side is biased. Our bias is built on a track record: twenty years of Omar before this day and the years of justice still to come, and the Prophet's ﷺ own words that had there been a prophet after him it would have been Omar, that even Shaytan flees the path Omar walks. If you love someone and they do something ambiguous, you read it in the best light. If you do not, you read it in the worst. He will not sugarcoat it: Omar's action here is genuinely ambiguous, the explanations are good attempts and no more, none of us were in that room. What we know of the man asks of us a leap of faith, that whatever he saw, he had a very good reason for it. Those who do not love him will not make that leap. That, honestly stated, is the heart of the disagreement.

The second and third questions: what, and why the silence

الْيَوْمَ أَكْمَلْتُ لَكُمْ دِينَكُمْ وَأَتْمَمْتُ عَلَيْكُمْ نِعْمَتِي وَرَضِيتُ لَكُمُ الْإِسْلَامَ دِينًا

“This day I have perfected for you your religion and completed My favor upon you and have approved for you Islām as religion.”

Surah al-Ma'idah 5:3 Read 5:3 with tafsir

The second question: what did he ﷺ actually want to write? One answer is the simplest: the three instructions themselves, and when the writing did not happen, he spoke them aloud instead. But there is an older, weightier reading. Sufyan ibn Uyaynah and others noticed that a few days earlier, in the very beginning of his illness, the Prophet ﷺ had said something recorded just as firmly in Bukhari and Muslim: call for me Abu Bakr, that I may write a document, for I fear that someone will aspire to leadership and say I have more right, but Allah and the believers will refuse anyone but Abu Bakr. Read together, the scrolls may have been pointing the very opposite way from what is often claimed, toward Abu Bakr, and this was the considered view of more than one early scholar. From our tradition, Sheikh Yasir notes, there is simply no evidence at all for the other reading.

Then the third question, the one he finds most decisive of all. Set Omar's motive aside entirely. The incident of Thursday is agreed by everyone. The Prophet ﷺ passed away the following Monday. That is Thursday evening and then Friday, Saturday, Sunday, and into Monday: roughly four full days. If this writing was as world-changingly important as the claim requires, how did four days pass with nothing more said? He was not a man who abandoned what Allah commanded; he never once gave up a charge from his Lord. And in those four days the very people most beloved to that side, and to us, were at his side the whole time, and he said nothing further to them either. Ibn Hajar makes the same point: it is not possible the Prophet ﷺ would leave something that weighty hanging for four days. Imam al-Mazari narrows it to two options, and both close the door: either Allah commanded the writing, in which case it could never simply have been blocked, so it must have been abrogated; or it was the Prophet's ﷺ own judgment, which after the disputing he chose to let go. Either way, had it truly mattered that much, it could not have been left undone.

Through all of this the Sheikh keeps returning to the same gentle anchor: the religion was already whole. Allah had said it plainly, and Omar himself leaned on these words, that the faith was perfected and the favor completed before this Thursday ever came.

What was clear, and where we land

مَّا فَرَّطْنَا فِي الْكِتَابِ مِن شَيْءٍ

“We have not neglected in the Register a thing.”

Surah al-An'am 6:38 Read 6:38 with tafsir

There is one more thing that settles Sheikh Yasir's heart on this, and it is not an argument about the scrolls at all. It is everything else in those final weeks. Over and over, in his last days, the Prophet ﷺ kept pointing to Abu Bakr. He insisted Abu Bakr lead the prayer, and when they could not find him at first and Omar stepped forward, the instruction came back: no, find Abu Bakr, let him lead. Never in his life had the Prophet ﷺ commanded another to lead the prayer while he himself was present in the masjid. For us, Sheikh Yasir says, you cannot get more significant than that. And the year he could not make Hajj, it was Abu Bakr he sent as leader of the pilgrims; when Ali was sent after, Ali himself made clear he came not as the commander but to deliver a message. In the two things he delegated, the prayer and the Hajj, the same name kept surfacing.

So where do we land? The incident of the scrolls is real, affirmed, never denied, and read very differently by different hearts. Sheikh Yasir, who says of himself that he is no apologist and calls a spade a spade, leaves us three honest conclusions. That Omar, by the weight of who he was, must have had a sound reason we were not there to see. That the writing, if it named anyone, the evidence leans toward Abu Bakr, never toward the other claim. And that no matter what you decide about the first two, four silent days make it impossible that something of that magnitude was simply lost. The deeper truth underneath it all is the one Allah declared: nothing was neglected, nothing was left out. The religion arrived complete. We were not orphaned by a missing page.

He ends, as he began, refusing to inflame it. What happened, happened. We hold our reading with conviction and with adab, and we do not let a fourteen-century-old grief poison the love that the whole story was meant to plant in us.

A dua from this day

Rabbana la tuzigh qulubana ba'da idh hadaytana wa hab lana min ladunka rahmah, innaka antal-Wahhab

Our Lord, let not our hearts deviate after You have guided us, and grant us mercy from Yourself. Indeed, You are the Bestower.

What this day teaches

A heavy day, and yet it hands the believer a way to carry contested history without losing the love at its center. These threads run straight out of the Sheikh's telling.

  • Affirm what is authentic, even when it is hard.

    The incident of Thursday is in our own books, and Sheikh Yasir affirms it one hundred percent. Faith does not need us to deny the difficult; it asks us to read it with knowledge and with honesty.

  • Know your own bias, and own it.

    We read Omar through twenty years of his character and the Prophet's ﷺ praise of him. The Sheikh names this as bias rather than hiding it. Honesty about why we lean a certain way is stronger than pretending we do not.

  • Some things ask for a leap of faith.

    We were not in that room. What we know of Omar asks us to trust that whatever he saw, he had good reason. Loving someone well sometimes means giving them the benefit of the doubt we would want given to us.

  • Write your knowledge down.

    He ﷺ reached for pen and paper, and the scholars drew from it that recording sacred knowledge is beloved. What you learn of this religion, capture it, before it slips away like a forgotten third instruction.

  • The religion came complete.

    Allah declared the faith perfected before that Thursday ever arrived, and nothing was left out of His Book. Whatever the disputes of history, you were not handed an unfinished religion. You were handed a whole one.

Why this day stays with you

We are standing now in the last days of the most beloved life ever lived, and even here, in a scene that history has fought over for fourteen centuries, the lesson the Sheikh leaves us with is not a victory to claim but a heart to protect. The incident of Thursday is real. We do not deny it, we do not sensationalize it, and we do not let it become a wound we keep reopening. We read it with knowledge, we hold our conviction with adab, and we remember that the religion reached us complete: nothing neglected, nothing left out, no missing page that orphaned the ummah.

And so we ask of Allah the one thing this day makes us feel we need most: a heart that stays steady. O Allah, do not let our hearts swerve after You have guided us, and grant us mercy from Yourself; You are the Bestower. Keep our love for Your Prophet ﷺ and for those he loved unshaken, gather us with him on the Day the nations are gathered, and let no disagreement of this world come between us and the writing he left us after which we will never go astray: Your Book, and his guidance. Ameen.

Questions

What is the incident of the scrolls (the incident of Thursday)?
In his final illness, days before he passed, the Prophet ﷺ asked for pen and paper, saying he would write something after which the ummah would never go astray. Those present differed over whether to bring it, one saying the Book of Allah was sufficient, and in the end nothing was written. The Prophet ﷺ then gave three final instructions. The report is in Bukhari and Muslim and is fully authentic; Sunnis affirm it completely.
Why is this incident sensitive between Sunnis and Shia?
Both sides agree the incident happened. They differ entirely on how to read it. The Shia reading is that the Prophet ﷺ intended to write that Ali should be the leader after him and was prevented. The Sunni reading, as Dr. Yasir Qadhi presents it, is that there is no evidence in our tradition for that claim, and that the surrounding events point elsewhere. Dr. Qadhi handles it without inflaming either side.
How does Dr. Yasir Qadhi explain Omar's response?
He gathers the classical scholars, who broadly held that Omar, seeing the severity of the Prophet's ﷺ pain, acted out of compassion and out of fear that something might be written which the ummah could not bear or might later misuse, leaning on the Qur'an's own testimony that the religion was already complete. Dr. Qadhi is candid that Omar's action is ambiguous and that our trust in him rests on a leap of faith grounded in his lifelong character.
What did the Prophet ﷺ most likely want to write?
Dr. Qadhi presents two views from the Sunni tradition: that it was the three final instructions he then spoke aloud, or, following Sufyan ibn Uyaynah and others, that it pointed toward Abu Bakr, since days earlier the Prophet ﷺ had said he wished to write a document because Allah and the believers would refuse anyone but Abu Bakr. He notes there is no evidence in our tradition for the other claim.
Why is the four-day gap so important to the argument?
The incident was on Thursday; the Prophet ﷺ passed away the following Monday, leaving roughly four days. Dr. Qadhi, with Ibn Hajar and al-Mazari, argues that if the writing had been as decisive as claimed, the Prophet ﷺ would not have left it undone for four days while the people closest to him were constantly at his side. Either a divine command would not simply be abandoned, or his own judgment was set aside after the disputing.

Retold faithfully from Dr. Yasir Qadhi's Seerah of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, episode 103: the incident of the scrolls (Memphis Islamic Center). Qur'an: Sahih International, verified via quran.ai. The narration is the Sheikh's, the phrasing is Buruja's.

Carry it today

Affirm what is authentic, even when it is hard.

The incident of Thursday is in our own books, and Sheikh Yasir affirms it one hundred percent. Faith does not need us to deny the difficult; it asks us to read it with knowledge and with honesty.

What stayed with you?

A private note, kept only on this device. Find it again on your journey page.

Watch the lecture

This retelling is drawn from Dr. Yasir Qadhi's Seerah series. Watch the original on YouTube:

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