All of the Seerah

The Seerah · Day 92 · Hunayn, Tabuk, and the delegations

The expedition to Tabuk, part 5

Twenty days, no battle, and a road that pointed at the future

9 AH Tabuk and the road back to Madinah
Retold from Dr. Yasir Qadhi's Seerah seriesWatch the original

There was no battle at Tabuk. The army marched a month north, the enemy never came, and the Prophet ﷺ stayed twenty days in a place where nothing happened, and where everything was decided. This is the close of the longest, hardest campaign of his life, and it is made not of swords but of small moments: a pool refilled by his hand, a burial in the dark, a road that ran past the ruins of a punished people.

Dr. Yasir Qadhi gathers the scattered reports of those twenty days and the long journey home, and shows you that the point of Tabuk was never the destination. It was the rehearsal. The Prophet ﷺ was leading his people, by the hand, to the very land they would have to take without him.

Twenty days, and a pool that filled to the brim

We do not know how many marched to Tabuk. The reports say ten thousand, fifteen, twenty, thirty thousand, and the honest answer is that there was no register and no one counted. What we do know is that the Prophet ﷺ stayed twenty days, and that for all twenty he prayed his four-rakah prayers shortened to two, the way a traveller prays, and that detail alone will teach a quiet lesson before the chapter ends.

There was a small pool of water in the area, and he ﷺ had given an instruction: do not touch it. One or two of the men reached it before he arrived and used it anyway, not in defiance but in haste, and he was angry with them, because a small disobedience is still a disobedience. Then he took water in his hand, rinsed his mouth, and returned it to the pool. That little was enough. The water rose to the brim, and an army of tens of thousands drank from it for the length of their stay. It is said a masjid still marks the spot today, Masjid at-Tawbah, though Sheikh Yasir is careful to say he has not seen it himself.

Five things given to him alone

One day, after the prayer, he ﷺ stood and said that Allah had given him five things given to no prophet before him. He counted them. First: he was sent to all of mankind, where every messenger before him was sent only to his own people. Second: Allah aided him with awe, fear cast into his enemies at the distance of a month's journey, and Tabuk was the proof of it, for the tribes of Ghassan and the Romans never came, terrified across a month of road.

Third: the spoils of war were made lawful for him, when no nation before had been allowed to keep them; in the times before, a fire would descend from the sky and consume the captured booty as the sign that the deed was accepted. Fourth: the whole earth was made for him a place of prayer and a means of purification, so that wherever a believer is when the prayer falls due, he may purify himself and pray, where earlier nations could worship only in their houses of worship. And the fifth he held back. Allah told him to ask, and he could have asked for anything; he chose to save his request as an intercession for his ummah on the Day of Judgment, the day they will need it most.

And here, the closest he had ever stood to the empires of Rome and Persia, he made a promise his companions could barely hold: that Allah had given his ummah the treasures of both. To men who were a single city ringed by superpowers, it sounded impossible. Within a few short years it was history.

Count six before the Hour

On one of those nights he ﷺ gave a teaching recorded in Bukhari: count six things before the Day of Judgment. The first is my death, he said, the first sign of the Hour, the leaving of the Prophet ﷺ himself. The second is the conquest of Jerusalem, which came less than two years after he passed. The third is a plague that will take you the way a certain disease sweeps through a pen of camels and leaves none standing.

The fourth is wealth so heavy that a man will be given a hundred dinars, more than a year's income in their day, and be irritated that it is only that much. The fifth is a trial that will not leave a single household untouched. And the sixth, the heaviest, is a truce with a great power that turns to treachery and ends in a war of eighty banners, twelve thousand under each, an army the like of which the world has not seen.

Sheikh Yasir is careful here, and asks you to be careful too: we do not nail a specific prediction to a specific event of our day and declare them one and the same, because Allah knows best. We may notice that our times rhyme with the warning. We may not put words in the Prophet's ﷺ mouth. The teaching is meant to make you sober, not certain.

The only man a prophet prayed behind

One night the Prophet ﷺ went out from the camp to relieve himself, the way he always did, far from the people, and Mughirah went with him carrying the water and the spear. He came back to find the prayer already begun: the companions had waited, he had taken his time, and they would not delay the prayer even for him ﷺ, which tells you everything about how heavy the prayer sat in their hearts. So Abdur-Rahman ibn Awf was leading them, and the Prophet ﷺ quietly joined the rows behind him and prayed a full rakah following a companion.

When Abdur-Rahman realised who was behind him, he moved to step back. The Prophet ﷺ motioned: stay where you are. And so Abdur-Rahman ibn Awf radiyallahu anhu carries an honour no one else can claim, as far as we know the only human being a prophet ever prayed behind for a complete unit of prayer. There is a moment with Abu Bakr in the Prophet's ﷺ final illness, but Abu Bakr stepped back out of love and would not lead him, so the privilege, in full, was Abdur-Rahman's alone.

Before that night ended there is something more in the wudu itself, and Sheikh Yasir lingers on it. The night was freezing, and the Prophet ﷺ wore a heavy cloak with narrow sleeves that would not roll up to the elbow, so he drew his arms out from underneath to wash them fully. Even in the cold, even in tight clothing, no limb is left dry. We are not permitted to be lazy with the water.

A grave dug in the dark

Another night, Ibn Mas'ud woke and saw a fire in the distance, and around it the Prophet ﷺ, Abu Bakr, and Umar. A companion had died: Abdullah Dhul-Bijadayn, the man of the two coarse garments. When he had accepted Islam his tribe cast him out with nothing, and he left so poor that he tore his one cheap cloak in two so it would look like he owned two. That was all anyone knew of him. Not one of the famous, not one of the elite.

And the Prophet ﷺ went down into the grave himself. Hand him to me, he told Abu Bakr and Umar, and he laid him in with his own hands, and said: O Allah, I am pleased with this servant of Yours, so be pleased with him. Ibn Mas'ud, watching, said he wished with all his heart that he were the one in that grave.

Think of what that does to an army. The commander, the Prophet of Allah ﷺ, woken in the night for a man no one could name, climbing into his grave, asking Allah to be pleased with him. That is what the men saw, and it is part of why they followed him into the hardest march of their lives. He did not lead from above them. He buried them with his own hands.

The road home, and the ruins of Thamud

Then the long road back, and the miracles came again, the way they always came when the provisions ran short: water poured from between his fingers ﷺ until the men could drink from his hand like a fountain; a du'a over the exhausted animals that left them so strong the narrator said they had to fight to hold the camels back; a du'a for rain on a parched night, answered by morning.

And the road passed al-Hijr, the dead cities of Thamud, their rooms and beds still carved into the mountains, older than Ibrahim ﷺ himself. Some of the men hurried in to look. He ﷺ called them back and covered his face with his cloak and quickened his pace through the valley, and said: do not enter upon a people whom Allah has punished, except weeping, lest what struck them strike you. Some had drawn water from the old wells. Pour it out, he told them, give it to the animals, and the dough you kneaded with it, feed it to the animals too. Then he turned the warning into wonder. You are amazed at these ruins, he said, but I will tell you of something more amazing: a man among you telling you what was and what will be. Your prophet is the greater sign.

When his own camel went missing on that road, the search delayed the whole army, and one of the hypocrites sneered, far from him: he claims revelation comes from the heavens, and he does not even know where his camel is. The words were carried to the Prophet ﷺ by Allah, not by any man, and he stood and said: I am only a human, and I know only what Allah tells me, and Allah has just told me my camel is caught by its harness in such a valley. Go and bring it. They went, and it was there. By his own words ﷺ he knew nothing of the unseen except what his Lord disclosed to him, and his Lord disclosed a great deal.

The jokers and the verse that named them

وَلَئِن سَأَلْتَهُمْ لَيَقُولُنَّ إِنَّمَا كُنَّا نَخُوضُ وَنَلْعَبُ ۚ قُلْ أَبِاللَّهِ وَآيَاتِهِ وَرَسُولِهِ كُنتُمْ تَسْتَهْزِئُونَ

“And if you ask them, they will surely say, "We were only conversing and playing." Say, "Is it Allah and His verses and His Messenger that you were mocking?"”

Surah at-Tawba 9:65 Read 9:65 with tafsir

Among the thousands were hypocrites, and on the way back a group of them grew loud and crude, laughing past the limit. He really thinks we will conquer Rome and Persia, one mocked. Another said something vile about the reciters of the Qur'an among them, calling them cowards with fat bellies. A companion overheard it, told him he was lying, and rushed to the front of the army to report it.

By the time he reached him, the Prophet ﷺ was already receiving revelation. The mockers, terrified, came galloping behind the companion to invent an excuse before he could speak, and as one of them stammered out his apology, the Prophet ﷺ, without even looking at him, was already reciting the words that had just come down: that they would say they were only joking and playing, and that the answer was a question. Was it Allah, His verses, and His Messenger you were mocking? Make no excuse; you have disbelieved after your belief. The man clung to the stirrup of the moving camel, dragged along, pleading, and the Prophet ﷺ would not turn to him, only kept reciting: do not give me your excuses.

Sheikh Yasir stops the army here to say something he wants you to carry home. We believe in the sacred. We believe certain things are off limits to a joke. You may question and you may argue, but to mock and ridicule Allah and His Messenger ﷺ is not something a heart with faith in it can do; the verse calls it disbelief after belief. It is especially worth teaching, he says, to a generation raised where nothing is held sacred and a cruel joke about the religion can feel harmless. It is not harmless. It is a red line.

A road that pointed at the future

إِلَّا تَنفِرُوا يُعَذِّبْكُمْ عَذَابًا أَلِيمًا وَيَسْتَبْدِلْ قَوْمًا غَيْرَكُمْ وَلَا تَضُرُّوهُ شَيْئًا ۗ وَاللَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ

“If you do not go forth, He will punish you with a painful punishment and will replace you with another people, and you will not harm Him at all. And Allah is over all things competent.”

Surah at-Tawba 9:39 Read 9:39 with tafsir

There was one more plot, and it is one of the strangest in the whole seerah, told in only a narration or two. Travelling by night, the Prophet ﷺ had drawn apart with two or three companions onto a high, narrow place above a cliff. Around fourteen or fifteen men with covered faces charged his camel in the dark, trying to drive it over the edge. He took it down swiftly into the valley and they fled. Hudhayfah, who was guarding him, asked who they were. Hypocrites, he ﷺ said, who wanted to throw me from the cliff. Their faces were hidden, no punishment followed, and the army largely never knew it happened.

After perhaps two or three months away he ﷺ came home, and the city poured out to meet him at Thaniyyat al-Wada, the hill of farewell to the north, where the women and children sang the famous welcome. Sheikh Yasir corrects a misconception many of us inherited: that song belongs to the return from Tabuk, not to the hijrah, because the hill is to the north and the hijrah came from the south, and because the whole city was Muslim now where on the day of migration it was not.

And then the wisdom of the entire campaign, which the Sheikh saves for the end. Why march a month with no enemy to fight? Because Tabuk was a test, and the answer Allah commands is in the Surah: when you are told to go forth, you do not cling to the earth. To simply go, leaving the harvest and the home for a month of road, was harder than the battle would have been; the man who can do that can fight. And it was a rehearsal. The Prophet ﷺ led them, by the hand, to the exact northern land they would return to conquer within a year and a half, after he was gone. On his deathbed he was already readying the army of Usamah to march north. His heart was set on those conquests, and Tabuk was where he pointed the way.

A dua from this day

Allahumma salli wa sallim wa barik ala nabiyyina Muhammad

O Allah, send Your praise, Your peace, and Your blessings upon our Prophet Muhammad ﷺ.

What this day teaches

The close of Tabuk is made of small moments, and each one hands you something to keep. These run straight out of the Sheikh's telling.

  • A small disobedience is still disobedience.

    He ﷺ was angry at the men who touched the pool, even in haste, even by accident. Then he refilled it for the whole army by his own hand. The correction and the mercy came together.

  • Do not be lazy with the water.

    On a freezing night he ﷺ drew his arms out of a heavy cloak so no part of them was left dry in wudu. Worship done properly is not rushed when it is inconvenient; that is exactly when it counts.

  • Lead by burying them yourself.

    The Prophet ﷺ climbed into the grave of a man no one could name. Honour the unknown and the overlooked, and you will be followed through anything. Status in the eyes of people is not status with Allah.

  • Keep the sacred sacred.

    Mocking Allah and His Messenger ﷺ is not a joke the heart of faith can make. Teach it to the young before the world tells them nothing is holy. You may question and argue; you may not ridicule.

  • When you are told to go, go.

    Tabuk was hard precisely because there was no battle, only the going. The believers who left everything and marched a month passed a test the fighters never had to. Obedience is heaviest when the reason is not yet visible.

Why this day stays with you

Tabuk ends without a sword drawn, and that is the point. The greatest campaign of his life ﷺ was won in the going, not the fighting: in the men who left their homes for a month of road because Allah said go, in the pool he filled with his own hand, in the grave he dug in the dark for a man with two cheap garments to his name. He was not marching toward an enemy. He was marching his people, one last time, to the edge of the world they would have to inherit without him.

And so he turned them toward the future and let them go. Within two years the road north would carry them to conquests they could not yet imagine, and he would not be there to see it, except that he saw it already, and pointed. O Allah, send Your praise and Your peace upon Muhammad ﷺ, who buried the forgotten with his own hands and led his ummah to a future he would not walk into. Keep the sacred sacred in our hearts, make us of those who go when You say go, and gather us under his banner on the day the nations are gathered. Ameen.

Questions

Was there actually a battle at Tabuk?
No. The Prophet ﷺ marched an army roughly a month north and stayed about twenty days, but the Romans and their allied tribes never came, terrified across the distance. The campaign was a test of obedience and, as Sheikh Yasir explains, a rehearsal for the conquests of the north that would come after his passing.
What are the five things the Prophet ﷺ was given that no prophet had before?
On a night at Tabuk he counted them: he was sent to all of mankind, not one people; Allah aided him with awe cast into his enemies a month's journey away; the spoils of war were made lawful for him; the whole earth was made a place of prayer and a means of purification for his ummah; and he was given an intercession, which he saved for his ummah on the Day of Judgment.
What are the six signs before the Hour that he mentioned at Tabuk?
Recorded in Bukhari: his own death; the conquest of Jerusalem; a sweeping plague; wealth so abundant a man will be displeased with a hundred dinars; a trial that touches every household; and a treacherous truce with a great power ending in a war of eighty banners. Sheikh Yasir cautions against forcing any single event of our day to be a specific one of these.
Who is the only person a prophet ever prayed behind?
Abdur-Rahman ibn Awf radiyallahu anhu. At Tabuk the prayer began before the Prophet ﷺ returned to camp, so he joined the rows and completed a full unit behind Abdur-Rahman, motioning him to stay as imam. The moment with Abu Bakr in the final illness does not count, because Abu Bakr stepped back and refused to lead him.
Is the song Tala' al-Badru Alayna from the hijrah to Madinah?
No, and this is a common misconception. Sheikh Yasir notes the famous welcome was sung when the Prophet ﷺ returned from Tabuk: the hill of Thaniyyat al-Wada is to the north of Madinah, while the hijrah arrived from the south, and by the time of Tabuk the whole city was Muslim, so all of it came out to meet him.

Retold faithfully from Dr. Yasir Qadhi's Seerah of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, episode 92: the expedition to Tabuk, part 5 (Memphis Islamic Center). Qur'an: Sahih International, verified via quran.ai. The narration is the Sheikh's, the phrasing is Buruja's.

Carry it today

A small disobedience is still disobedience.

He ﷺ was angry at the men who touched the pool, even in haste, even by accident. Then he refilled it for the whole army by his own hand. The correction and the mercy came together.

What stayed with you?

A private note, kept only on this device. Find it again on your journey page.

Watch the lecture

This retelling is drawn from Dr. Yasir Qadhi's Seerah series. Watch the original on YouTube:

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