باب وجوب أمر أهله وأولاده المميزين وسائر من في رعيته بطاعة الله تعالى، ونهيهم عن المخالفة وتأديبهم، ومنعهم من ارتكاب منهي عنه
This chapter turns to a parent's duty to raise children in obedience to Allah and to keep them from wrong. Guiding a household is part of the trust each person carries, and small habits taught early shape a life of faith.
Read together, these hadith show that good upbringing covers both worship and everyday manners: teaching prayer from a young age, instilling proper conduct at the table, and keeping the family clear of what is not theirs to take. Every member of the home is a guardian answerable for those under their care.
Hadith 298
Abu Hurairah (May Allah be pleased with him) reported:
عن أبي هريرة رضي الله عنه قال: أخذ الحسن بن على رضي الله عنهما تمرة الصدقة فجعلها في فيه فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: " كخ كخ، ارم بها، أما علمت أنَّا لا نأكل الصدقة!؟ ((متفق عليه)). وفي رواية" أنَّا لا تحل لنا الصدقة" وقوله: " كخٍْ كخٍْ" يقال بإسكان الخاء، ويقال بكسرها مع التنوين، وهي كلمة زجر للصبي عن المستقذرات. وكان الحسن رضي الله عنه صبيًا.
Al-Hasan bin 'Ali (May Allah be pleased with them) took one of the dates of the Sadaqah (charity) and put it in his mouth, whereupon Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said, "Leave it, leave it, throw it away. Do you not know that we do not eat the Sadaqah (charity)?" [Al-Bukhari and Muslim].
In plain words
When his young grandson reached for a date meant for charity, the Prophet (peace be upon him) gently stopped him, teaching that his family does not consume charity.
Reference : Riyad as-Salihin 298 In-book reference : Introduction, Hadith 298
Hadith 299
'Umar bin Abu Salamah (May Allah be pleased with him) reported:
وعن أبي حفص عمر بن أبي سلمة عبد الله بن عبد الأسد ربيب رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال: كنت غلامًا في حجر رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وكانت يدي تطيش في الصحفة، فقال لي رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : " يا غلام سَمِّ الله تعالى، وكُل بيمينك، وكُل مما يليك" فما زالت تلك طعمتي بعد. ((متفق عليه)).
I was a boy under the care of Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), and my hand would wander about in the dish. Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said to me "Mention Allah's Name (i.e., say Bismillah before you start eating), eat with your right hand and eat from what is near to you". I always followed this way of eating after this incident. [Al-Bukhari and Muslim].
In plain words
The Prophet (peace be upon him) taught a child simple table manners: say Allah's name before eating, eat with the right hand, and take from what is nearest.
Reference : Riyad as-Salihin 299 In-book reference : Introduction, Hadith 299
Hadith 300
Ibn 'Umar (May Allah be pleased with them) reported:
وعن ابن عمر رضي الله عنهما قال: سمعت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يقول: كلكم راعٍ، وكلكم مسئول عن رعيته، والمرأة راعية في بيت زوجها ومسئولة عن رعيتها، والخادم راعٍ في مال سيده ومسئول عن رعيته، فكلكم راعٍ ومسئول عن رعيته" ((متفق عليه)).
Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said, "All of you are guardians and are responsible for your subjects. The ruler is a guardian and responsible for his subjects; the man is a guardian of his family; the woman is guardian in her husband's house and responsible for her wards; a servant is guardian of his master's property and responsible for his ward. So all of you are guardians and are responsible for your subjects". [Al-Bukhari and Muslim].
In plain words
Everyone is a guardian answerable for those in their care: the ruler, the husband, the wife, and the servant each carry a trust they must tend.
Reference : Riyad as-Salihin 300 In-book reference : Introduction, Hadith 300
Hadith 301
'Amr bin Shu'aib reported on his father's authority that his grandfather (May Allah be pleased with him) said:
وعن عمرو بن شعيب، عن أبيه، عن جده رضي الله عنه قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : " مروا أولادكم بالصلاة وهم أبناء سبع سنين، واضربوهم عليها، وهم أبناء عشر، وفرقوا بينهم في المضاجع" ((حديث حسن رواه أبو داود بإسناد حسن)).
Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said, "Command your children to perform Salat (prayer) when they are seven years old, and beat them for (not offering) it when they are ten, and do not let (boys and girls) sleep together". [Abu Dawud, who categorized it as Hadith Hasan with a Hasan Chain].
In plain words
Parents are told to teach their children to pray from age seven and to correct them about it by ten, taking active responsibility for their religious upbringing.
Reference : Riyad as-Salihin 301 In-book reference : Introduction, Hadith 301
Hadith 302
Sabrah bin Ma'bad Al-Juhani (May Allah be pleased with him) reported:
و عن أبي ثرية سبرة بن معبد الجهني رضي الله عنه قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : " علموا الصبي الصلاة لسبع سنين" واضربوه عليها ابن عشر سنين" حديث حسن رواه أبو داود، والترمذي وقال حديث حسن. ولفظ أبي داود: " مروا الصبي بالصلاة إذا بلغ سبع سنين".
Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said, "Teach a boy Salat (the prayer) when he attains the age of seven years, and punish him (if he does not offer it) at ten". [Abu Dawud and Tirmidhi, who categorized it as Hadith Hasan]. The narration in Abu Dawud is: Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said, "Order a boy to perform Salat (the prayer) when he is seven years old".
In plain words
A child should be taught prayer at seven and trained to keep it by ten, so worship becomes settled habit while young.
Reference : Riyad as-Salihin 302 In-book reference : Introduction, Hadith 302