All forty hadith

The 40 Hadith of Imam an-Nawawi · Hadith 4

Your creation and your decree

The hadith of qadar

عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه و سلم -وَهُوَ الصَّادِقُ الْمَصْدُوقُ-: "إنَّ أَحَدَكُمْ يُجْمَعُ خَلْقُهُ فِي بَطْنِ أُمِّهِ أَرْبَعِينَ يَوْمًا نُطْفَةً، ثُمَّ يَكُونُ عَلَقَةً مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ يَكُونُ مُضْغَةً مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ يُرْسَلُ إلَيْهِ الْمَلَكُ فَيَنْفُخُ فِيهِ الرُّوحَ، وَيُؤْمَرُ بِأَرْبَعِ كَلِمَاتٍ: بِكَتْبِ رِزْقِهِ، وَأَجَلِهِ، وَعَمَلِهِ، وَشَقِيٍّ أَمْ سَعِيدٍ؛ فَوَاَللَّهِ الَّذِي لَا إلَهَ غَيْرُهُ إنَّ أَحَدَكُمْ لَيَعْمَلُ بِعَمَلِ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ حَتَّى مَا يَكُونُ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَهَا إلَّا ذِرَاعٌ فَيَسْبِقُ عَلَيْهِ الْكِتَابُ فَيَعْمَلُ بِعَمَلِ أَهْلِ النَّارِ فَيَدْخُلُهَا. وَإِنَّ أَحَدَكُمْ لَيَعْمَلُ بِعَمَلِ أَهْلِ النَّارِ حَتَّى مَا يَكُونُ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَهَا إلَّا ذِرَاعٌ فَيَسْبِقُ عَلَيْهِ الْكِتَابُ فَيَعْمَلُ بِعَمَلِ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ فَيَدْخُلُهَا"

The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), and he is the truthful, the believed, narrated to us, “Verily the creation of each one of you is brought together in his mother’s womb for forty days in the form of a nutfah (a drop), then he becomes an alaqah (clot of blood) for a like period, then a mudghah (morsel of flesh) for a like period, then there is sent to him the angel who blows his soul into him and who is commanded with four matters: to write down his rizq (sustenance), his life span, his actions, and whether he will be happy or unhappy (i.e., whether or not he will enter Paradise). By the One, other than Whom there is no deity, verily one of you performs the actions of the people of Paradise until there is but an arms length between him and it, and that which has been written overtakes him, and so he acts with the actions of the people of the Hellfire and thus enters it; and verily one of you performs the actions of the people of the Hellfire, until there is but an arms length between him and it, and that which has been written overtakes him and so he acts with the actions of the people of Paradise and thus he enters it.”

On the authority of Abdullah ibn Masood (ra), who said:

This is a hadith that begins inside the womb and ends at the edge of the grave. The Prophet ﷺ, the truthful and trusted, traces a human being from a drop, to a clinging form, to a lump of flesh, to the breathing of the soul and the writing of four words: provision, lifespan, deeds, and whether one is of the happy or the wretched.

It can feel like a heavy hadith. But sit with it and a mercy opens at the very end, because of how it says a life can turn.

Where this hadith comes from

It is narrated by Ibn Mas'ud (ra), one of the closest companions and earliest scholars of the Qur'an, and it is recorded by both al-Bukhari and Muslim, which places it among the most rigorously authenticated reports in the entire tradition (agreed upon).

Notice how the Prophet ﷺ frames it. Ibn Mas'ud relays that he spoke 'and he is the truthful, the believed (as-sadiq al-masduq),' then opened with an oath, 'By the One other than Whom there is no deity.' This is the language of a teacher who knows the listener will find what follows hard to carry, so he steadies it with his own truthfulness and with the name of Allah before he ever mentions the womb or the decree.

The key words

What it means, line by line

The Prophet ﷺ traces one human life through its hidden beginnings: gathered in the mother's womb as a drop, then a clinging form, then a lump of flesh, each for a span, until an angel is sent to breathe in the soul and is commanded to write four words: the person's provision, lifespan, deeds, and final state. The lesson is not biology for its own sake; it is that the One who shapes you in the dark also already knows you, end to end.

Then comes the turn that gives the hadith its weight: a person may live the deeds of Paradise until barely an arm's length from it, and the writing overtakes him; another may live the deeds of the Fire until barely an arm's length, and the writing brings him to a deed of Paradise. The scholars caution that this is about how a life is sealed at its end, not a trap laid by Allah, and the believer answers it by never trusting his past and never despairing of return.

This is the creed of qadar, that nothing reaches you except what was already written, and the Qur'an states it plainly:

Written before you breathed

Before you had a name, before your mother knew you were there, four things about you were already written. Not to trap you, but because the One who made you knows you completely, end to end, the way an author knows a story already finished.

Belief in the decree (qadar) is one of the six articles of faith, and this hadith is its clearest window. It is not a cage; it is a rest. Your sustenance will reach you. Your appointed time will not be moved. You can stop clawing at a future that is already held in better Hands than yours.

The turn at the end

Then the Prophet ﷺ says the thing that should make every one of us both tremble and hope: a person may do the deeds of the people of Paradise until only an arm's length remains between him and it, and then the writing overtakes him and he ends otherwise; and a person may do the deeds of the people of the Fire until only an arm's length remains, and then the writing overtakes him and he ends with a deed of Paradise.

This is not meant to frighten you away from doing good. It is meant to keep you humble in your good and hopeful in your struggle. No past guarantees you, and no past disqualifies you. What matters is how you are found at the end.

So you never stop asking

Because the ending is what counts, the believer never grows complacent and never gives up. The worshipper keeps asking for a good end; the struggler keeps the door of return open until the last breath. We do not know our final word, so we keep our hearts turned toward Him and beg Him not to let them turn away.

Carry this with you

Hold the decree the way the Prophet ﷺ taught it: with awe at the start, and hope at the end.

  • Your provision and span are written.

    What is yours will reach you; your time will not be moved. Belief in qadar is a rest, not a cage.

  • Endings carry weight.

    A life can turn in its final stretch, toward mercy or away from it. Stay watchful and humble.

  • No past locks the door.

    Good deeds are no guarantee and sins are no sentence. The door of return stays open to the last breath.

  • So keep asking.

    Beg Allah for a good ending and never let your heart relax into pride or despair.

A du'a to carry

رَبَّنَا لَا تُزِغْ قُلُوبَنَا بَعْدَ إِذْ هَدَيْتَنَا وَهَبْ لَنَا مِن لَّدُنكَ رَحْمَةً ۚ إِنَّكَ أَنتَ ٱلْوَهَّابُ

Rabbana la tuzigh qulubana ba'da idh hadaytana wa hab lana min ladunka rahmah, innaka Anta-l-Wahhab

Our Lord, let not our hearts deviate after You have guided us, and grant us from Yourself mercy. Indeed, You are the Bestower. (Aal 'Imran 3:8)

A du'a for a good ending

From a drop in the dark to a soul that will one day meet its Lord, your whole life is known to the One who wrote it. That truth is not meant to crush you. It is meant to settle you, and to keep you reaching.

Because the story is not over while you breathe. A heart can still turn. A hand can still rise in repentance. The last word is not yet written in your living.

O Allah, You who shaped us and wrote our days, let not our hearts deviate after You have guided us. Carry us to a good ending, and let our final deed be one You love. Ameen.

The hadith is from sunnah.com: the hadith of Ibn Mas'ud (ra) on the stages of creation and the writing of the decree, al-Bukhari 3208 and Muslim 2643, graded sahih (agreed upon). Qur'an citation (57:22) is in Uthmani script verified via quran.ai (ar-uthmani-minimal) with the Saheeh International translation. Per the editorial policy this stays with the creed of qadar and its spiritual fruit (trust, humility, hope), not theological debate. FOR SCHOLAR REVIEW before publication.

Questions

What does this hadith teach about the decree (qadar)?
It teaches that Allah, who created us through stages in the womb, also wrote our provision, our lifespan, our deeds, and our final state before we were born. Belief in the decree is one of the six articles of faith. The hadith presents it not to make us passive but to make us trust Allah and keep striving.
If the ending is already written, why try?
Because you do not know what is written, and you have been given real effort and real choice within Allah's knowledge. The hadith itself ends by urging action: a person's final deeds matter. Your striving is exactly the means by which a good end is reached. Knowledge of the decree belongs to Allah; the work belongs to you.
Does this hadith mean a good person can lose everything at the end?
It warns that endings carry great weight and that no one should grow complacent in their good deeds. This is a call to humility and constant reliance on Allah, not a reason for fear without hope. Alongside it stands Allah's vast mercy and the open door of repentance until the last breath.
How should this hadith make me feel?
Both humble and hopeful: humble, because nothing in your past secures you; hopeful, because nothing in your past condemns you. The right response is to keep asking Allah for a good ending and to keep your heart turned toward Him.

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