All forty hadith

The 40 Hadith of Imam an-Nawawi · Hadith 39

Pardoned: error and forgetfulness

The mercy that lifts blame

عَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه و سلم قَالَ: "إنَّ اللَّهَ تَجَاوَزَ لِي عَنْ أُمَّتِي الْخَطَأَ وَالنِّسْيَانَ وَمَا اسْتُكْرِهُوا عَلَيْهِ"

Verily Allah has pardoned [or been lenient with] for me my ummah: their mistakes, their forgetfulness, and that which they have been forced to do under duress. A hasan hadeeth related by Ibn Majah, and al-Bayhaqee and others.

On the authority of Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him), that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said:

Few hadith are as tender toward human weakness as this one. The Prophet ﷺ tells us that Allah has lifted from this ummah three things: honest mistakes, forgetfulness, and what people are forced to do against their will.

It is a hadith that meets you exactly where you fail without meaning to, the slip you did not intend, the duty you forgot, the act you were compelled into, and tells you that the Most Merciful does not hold these against your heart the way He would a deliberate, knowing sin.

Where this hadith comes from

It is narrated by Ibn 'Abbas (ra), the cousin of the Prophet (ﷺ) and one of the great scholars of the Qur'an among the Companions. The wording is striking: the Prophet (ﷺ) reports that Allah has set aside, for the sake of His Messenger, a portion of accountability from his ummah. It was collected by Ibn Majah (2045) and al-Bayhaqi, among others, and graded hasan (sound).

Imam an-Nawawi placed it among his Forty precisely because it carries a foundational principle of the religion: that Allah deals with this community by gentleness, lifting blame from what the heart did not choose. The report comes through several chains that strengthen one another, which is part of why scholars treated it as a settled basis rather than a stray narration.

The key words

What it means, line by line

"Allah has overlooked (tajawaza), for my sake, from my ummah": the lifting is a gift tied to the Prophet (ﷺ), a mercy granted to his community that earlier nations did not all receive. The verb tajawaza is the language of a Lord who sees the slip and chooses to pass over it.

Then the three: al-khata' (the honest mistake), an-nisyan (the forgotten duty), and ma ustukrihu 'alayhi (what one is compelled into). The thread joining them is that in each the will did not choose the wrong. This is the very mercy the believers ask for at the close of Surah al-Baqarah, where Allah first reminds them that He never overburdens a soul:

Three burdens lifted

Look at the gentleness in the three. The honest mistake, when you tried to do right and got it wrong. Forgetfulness, when the duty genuinely slipped your mind. And coercion, when you were forced, against your will, into something you would never have chosen. In each, the heart did not intend the wrong, and Allah, who sees the heart, does not hold the heart accountable as if it had.

This is the same mercy the believers beg for in the Qur'an, and which Allah granted to this ummah:

A religion that does not crush

This hadith is a powerful cure for the anxious, scrupulous heart that treats every accidental slip as a catastrophe. Allah is not waiting to condemn you for what you never meant. The mistake made in good faith, the thing forgotten, the act compelled, these are lifted, pardoned, not written against you as sins of the heart.

It reveals the temperament of the whole religion: firm about deliberate wrong, but gentle, endlessly gentle, toward genuine human frailty. The God who made us knows we are forgetful, fallible, and sometimes powerless, and He has built that knowledge into how He deals with us.

Mercy on the heart, and a word for the scholars

There is, of course, a legal dimension to this hadith, how mistakes, forgetfulness, and compulsion affect the validity of acts or responsibility for them. That is a precise matter of fiqh, weighed by qualified scholars, and we leave it entirely to them; it is not the work of a daily reflection and is easily mishandled when pulled out of place.

What this page takes is the mercy on the heart. Do your sincere best, put right what you can when you slip, and then rest. The Most Merciful has lifted the blame for what you did not choose. To accept that mercy is itself an act of faith; to refuse it, drowning in guilt over honest error, is to think worse of Allah than He has told you to.

Carry this with you

Allah does not hold your heart accountable for what it never chose.

  • Three burdens are lifted.

    Honest mistakes, forgetfulness, and coercion, in each the heart did not intend the wrong, and Allah does not hold it as one.

  • The religion does not crush.

    Firm about deliberate wrong, but endlessly gentle toward genuine human frailty.

  • Accept the mercy.

    Put right what you can, then rest. Drowning in guilt over honest error is not piety.

  • Leave the law to the scholars.

    How error and compulsion affect responsibility is precise fiqh; the heart's portion is Allah's gentleness.

A du'a to carry

رَبَّنَآ إِنَّنَآ ءَامَنَّا فَٱغْفِرْ لَنَا ذُنُوبَنَا وَقِنَا عَذَابَ ٱلنَّارِ

Rabbana innana amanna faghfir lana dhunubana wa qina 'adhab an-nar

Our Lord, indeed we have believed, so forgive us our sins and protect us from the punishment of the Fire. (Aal 'Imran 3:16)

A du'a of relief

The Prophet ﷺ told us that the God we answer to has already lifted the weight of our honest failures, the mistakes we did not mean, the duties we forgot, the acts we were forced into. He knows exactly what we are made of.

So set down the guilt you have been carrying for what you never chose. Do your sincere best, mend what you can, and then accept the pardon offered to you. To rest in His mercy is to honour it.

O Allah, You who lifted blame from our mistakes, our forgetfulness, and what we are forced to do, deal with us by that gentleness. Forgive us our sins, ease our anxious hearts, and protect us from the Fire. Ameen.

The hadith is from sunnah.com: 'Allah has pardoned for me my ummah their mistakes, their forgetfulness, and what they are coerced into doing,' narrated by Ibn 'Abbas (ra), Ibn Majah 2045 and al-Bayhaqi, graded hasan. Qur'an citations (2:286, in part, and 3:16) are in Uthmani script verified via quran.ai (ar-uthmani-minimal) with the Saheeh International translation. Per the editorial policy this stays with the creed of Allah's mercy and the lifting of blame, and deliberately does NOT derive the fiqh of liability or validity that jurists build on this hadith. FOR SCHOLAR REVIEW before publication.

Questions

What three things does this hadith say are pardoned?
Allah has lifted from this ummah the blame for honest mistakes (when one tried to do right but erred), forgetfulness (when a duty genuinely slipped the mind), and coercion (being forced against one's will). In each, the heart did not intend the wrong, so it is not held against it as a deliberate sin.
Does this mean mistakes never have any consequence?
It means the heart is not blamed as if it sinned deliberately. There can still be a duty to put things right, for example, making up a missed obligation or repairing harm. The precise legal effects of error, forgetfulness, and compulsion are matters of fiqh for qualified scholars; this page focuses on the mercy on the heart.
How does this hadith help an anxious or scrupulous person?
Powerfully. It tells the person who treats every accidental slip as a catastrophe that Allah does not condemn what they never meant. The honest mistake, the forgotten duty, the compelled act, all are lifted. Accepting that mercy, rather than drowning in guilt, is itself an act of faith.
Why does the page not explain the legal rulings?
Because how mistakes, forgetfulness, and coercion affect the validity of acts and a person's responsibility is a precise area of fiqh, easily misapplied when removed from its context. This pillar keeps to the creedal and spiritual lesson, Allah's gentleness toward human frailty, and leaves the rulings to qualified scholars.

What stayed with you?

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